Definition:
Virgin fuel oil, known as Residual Fuel Oil or D6, is a high-viscosity liquid that plays a crucial role in various industrial applications.

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Composition and Properties:

High Viscosity and Pre-Heating. D6 is characterized by its high viscosity, requiring pre-heating to a temperature range of 104 ºC to 127 ºC (220 ºF – 260 ºF) before use.
Consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. D6 is derived from the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield.

Density:

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil is exceptionally dense, with a density typically ranging from 0.95 to 1.03 kg/l (7.9 to 8.6 pounds per gallon). Its high viscosity means it flows less easily than lighter fuels and requires heating for proper handling and combustion.

Specifications:

D6 conforms to specific international specifications, including those set by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Uses:

• Marine Bunkering: It is used as bunker fuel for large ships. Its one of the primary uses due to its high energy density and suitability for long maritime voyages.

• Power Generation: It is readily available and cost-effective to used in power plants for electricity generation.

• Industrial Heating: Some industries use for heating purposes, such as in industrial boilers, furnaces, and kilns.

Regulatory Compliance:

D6 Diesel Standards and Classification CCAI and CII are two indexes which describe the ignition quality of residual fuel oil. The CCAI is especially often calculated for marine fuels. Despite these marine fuels are still quoted on the international bunker markets with their maximum viscosity.

Environmental Impact:

Due to its high sulfur content, the combustion of D6 Virgin Fuel Oil can lead to significant air pollution. Efforts to reduce emissions have led to the development of cleaner fuels and technologies. Many regions have implemented regulations requiring the use of low-sulfur or ultra-low-sulfur fuels in certain applications, including marine bunkering.

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